Steam-engine



(No Model.) I- z sheetssheet 2.

B. BRAZELLE.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 271,781. Patented 1161181888,

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BENJAMIN BRAZELLE, OF S'I. LOUIS, MISSORI.

STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECI'ICATIONforming 'part of Letters lnatent No, 271,781, dated February 6, 1883.

Application filed August 3l, 1882. (No model.)

atively slight cost ot' manufacture, positive ac-` tion under low as well' as high pressures, and the capacltles of using steam expansively, and

of operating chipping, calking, riveting, and

other analogous tools.

To this end my improvements consistin the combination of a cylinder bored out concentrically to two different diameters for different portions of its length, a piston-rod provided with a series of longitudinal ports, a piston and a collar fitting respectively the larger and smaller bores of the cylinder, and a tubular valve having supply and exhaust portsand iitted to reciprocate upon the rod ofthe main piston; also, in the combination of a cylinder,

th rou gh adirect-actingsteam-pump embodying my invention, the pistons being shown at the upper and lower extremities of their stroke, respectively Fig.3, atransverse section through the same at the linemwot' Fig. 1, and Fig.` 4 a vertical 'longitudinal central section through a chipping or calking engine.

The cylinder A is bored out conentrically to two different diameters-from a point at or nea'rits center to each of its ends, respectivelythe larger diameter being suited to receive the piston B, and the smaller corresponding with 'that of a collar, b, on the piston-rod B', and

the ends are closed by screw-caps A' A2. A steam-pipe, a', is connected to a tlan ge or nozzle on the cylinder at the. inner end of its larger bore, and an exhaust-pipe, a2, leads from a nozzle on the cylinder at the outer end ofiits smaller bore. A supplementary'exhaust-pipe, a3,leads fromthecylinder ata pointbetween the steam and the main exhaustpipe, its purpose being hereinafter explained. The cylinder A and piston-rod B are in this instance each prolonged so as to form respectively a pumpbarrel, A2, provided with suitable connections, b2 b3, to suction and delivery valves, and a pump-plunger, B2,Workingin said barrel; but in lieu thereof the piston-rod may be titted with connections suitable to any special duty for Which the engine is designed.

Steam is admitted to and exhausted from each side of the piston B by a tubular valve, C, the

inner diameter of which corresponds with that of the pistonrod B', and the outer with the `smaller diameter ofthe cylinder'A, so that an `annular space is afforded between the larger diameter of the cylinder and the valve. A head orpiston,C,correspondingwiththelarger diameter of the cylinder, is formed upon the valve G at the end adjacent to the main piston B, v

and two-annular recesses, cc', are formedin the inner surface of the valve, the one, c, which constitutes an exhaust-passage, being located adjacent to its end farthest from the main piston B, and the other, c', which serves -as a i steam-passage, being located between the recess c and the head G', its distance from the latter being dependent upon the degree of expansion at which`tl1e engine is to be worked.

A steam-port, c2, extends from the recess c to the exterior of the valve, so as to establish communication between said recess and the space surrounding the valve. inasmuch as the port c2 will be closed as soon in the traverse ofthe valve as it passes the inner end of the larger bore of the cylinder, an early or late cutoff will be effected, according as said port is located farther from or nearer to the head C', respectively.

A collar, b, fitting the smaller bore of the cylinderA, is formed upon the piston-rod B at such distance'froni its end as will permit the opening of the exhaust-pipe a2 to hefully uncovered when the piston is at the inner or lower extremityof its stroke, and an exhaust-passage bextends longitudinally through the pistonrod B from'acircumferential groove,b, in the collar b vIo stroke,in which position communication is also established between said recess and the space on the opposite side of the main piston B by apassage,b3,extendinglongitudinallythrough the piston, and serving alternately for conveying live and exhaust steam to and from the outer side thereof. A port, b, leading into the passage b3, establishes communication between said passage and the steamrecess Vc' of the valve. A passage, a4, in the larger bore ofthe Ycylinder A extends from the inner end of said bore for a distance greater than the thickness of the collar C' of the valve, so as to allow steam to pass from the inner to the outer side of the latter when at the inner extremity ot'- its stroke. Y

In operation, both the piston B and valve C being at the upper or outer extremity of their stroke, as in Fig. 1, the steam or other motive ilu'id admitted to the cylinder through the pipe a passes through the ports c2 and b4 and passage b3 to the upper side of the piston B, and

effects the downward stroke of the piston and valve, the steam on the opposite side of the piston acting on the larger area of the valvecollar C', and being exhausted through the passage b5 and supplemental exhaust-pipe a3. It will be seen that the supply of motive fluid will be cut ofas soon as the valve-port c2 passes the inner extremity of the larger bore of thecylindenand the remainderot the stroke will be eifected by expansion. The location of said port, therefore. determines the point of cut-off. To effect-the upward stroke steam passes through the passage af* and acts upon the lower side ofthe piston B, the valve C being raised coincidently by the collar b ot' the pistonrod, and the steam admittedduriug the previous stroke being, exhausted through the passage b3, recess c, passage b2, and exhaustpipe a2. A special advantage exists in the positive action of the valve, insured by the large area ot its collar C', as suflc'ient power to move the valve is thereby afforded under the lowest working pressure that may be employed. A steam-chest being dispensed with, the appa-r`- ratus is rendered correspondingly more compact, and its manufacture is facilitated and economized by the fact that all the surfaces in working contact are cylindrical.

Fig. et illustrates my'invention as adapted to the operation of a chipping or calking tool, or any analogous service in which a hammering or impacting action is required. A hammer-face, C2, is formed upon the lower end of c d erntet the piston-rod, and an anvil or abutment, D, is secured in the lower cap of the cylinder A, against which abutment said hammer strikes at the end of the downward traverse of the piston. The abutment D forms the stem of a chipping or calking tool or chisel, D', which is operated by the blows'v of the hammer, and is guided by the operator, who holds the cylinder, steam, compressed'air, or other operatingfluid being admitted through a iexible pipe to the supply-pipe a. so as to effect and regulate the blows of the hammer, as required, by a controlling-valve, E, upon the end of a rod, e, tted to reciprocatein a socket on the outside of the cylinder A, and connected to one end of a double-armed lever, e', the other end of which is connected to a steunbez, guided in a handle, e, upon the upper cap ofthe cylinder, and having a head The supply yis governed or button, c, upon its outer end. A spring. V

e5, bearing against the inner face of the head e4, maintains the controlling-valve E in such positionasto entirely shut oft' the supply of operating-tluid,except when the headis pressed down by the operator, when the valve lis opened to a greater or less degree, as required, and immediately closed by the spring on the release of the head.

' The apparatus is so small and light as to be conveniently portable and adjustable in any desired positions relatively to the work to be performed, and the operator is relieved from any labor beyond that of guiding the tool and regulatingthe force of the blows applied thereto.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a cylinder which is bored out concentrically to two different diameters for dil'erent portions of its length, a piston-rod adapted to reciprocate in said cylinder, said rod carrying a piston and a collar fitting respectively the larger and the smaller bores ot' the cylinder, and a tubular distribution-valve ttted to IOO IIO

reciprocate upon said piston-rod between itsv 2. The combination, substantially as set l forth, of a cylinder which is bored out concentrioally to two different diameters for different portions of its length, a piston ttiug the larger diameter of said cylinder, and secured upon a rod having internal steam and exhaust passages, and a tubular distributionvalve tting freely upon said rod, said valve having a head fitting the larger diameter of the cylinder. and a lat-eral steam-port located so as to cut oft' the supply of steam from the piston by passing from the larger t-o the smaller bore of the cylinder in the traverse of the valve.

3. The combination, substantiallyv as set forth, of a cylinder which is bored out concentrically'to two different diameters for differ- 271381 A l :i

ent portions of itsV length, a piston fttingthe` larger diameter of said cylinder, a piston-rod secured at one end to said piston, and having at or near its other end a head or collar ttiug the smaller diameter of said cylinder, a tubular distribution-valve adapted to move -freely upon said piston-rod, and having a headttingthe larger diameter of the cylinder, and two internal recesses, one of which communi cates with a lateral-supply-port, a channel, lor passage of greater length than the thickness of the valve-head, and formed in the inner surface ofthe cylinder adjacent to the junction of its larger and smaller bores, an exhaust-passage extending through the piston-rod from the piston to the collar, a supplemental eXv haustpipe opening` into the smaller bore of the cylindenaud two longitudinal .passages extending through the piston-rod and adapted to eomniunicatewith the recesses in the valve, and thence with a steam and an exhaust pipe connected to the cylinder.

4. The combination, substantially g as set forth, ot'a cylinder, a pistou and rod adapted to reciprocate therein, a tubular distributionvalve titting freely and reciprocating upon the the piston, a hammer formed on or secured to the piston-rod, an anvil or abutment secured to the cylinder and adapted to receive the blows of said hammer, a cutting or striking tool connected to said anvil, and a controllingvalve governing the supply of' motive uidto" the distribution-valve.

5.- The combination` substantially as set forth, of a cylinder, a piston and rod adapted to reciprocate therein, a tubular distributionvalve h'tting freely and reciprocating upon the pistonrod, and governingthe supply and exhaust of motive Huid to and from each side of the piston, au anvilor abutment secured to one end thereof, a handle secured to the other end, and a hand-lever fitting in said handle, and connected, to the stein' of at controllingvalve governing the supplyof motive fluid to the distribution-valve.

B. BRAZELLE. 

